Synthesis of Nano Zinc Oxide Heterogeneous Catalyst Supported with Fly Ash (NZO/FA) for Kapok Seed Oil (Ceiba pentandra) Transesterification
Abstract
A biodiesel product was developed using the transesterification of kapok seed oil using a nano zinc oxide heterogeneous catalyst with fly ash buffer (NZO/FA) to support the goal of adopting biofuel as a national transportation energy source in 2050. Because it is affordable, environmentally benign, and has a high porosity level, fly ash was selected as a catalyst buffer. Kapok seed oil, on the other hand, is employed as a raw material because of its high oil content—between 25 and 40 percent—and because it offers the best means of resolving the problem of the trade-off between food and fuel in the energy and pagan sectors. In this study, the NZO/FA 50-Sto catalyst's characterisation in the creation of heterogeneous catalysts and the impact of varying transesterification times on biodiesel yield are the main research topics. The NZO/FA-TO-4.5H sample code produced at a calcination temperature of 500°C for 5 hours with a yield percentage of 95.93%, transesterification time of 4.5 hours, oil to methanol molar ratio of 1:15, and transesterification reaction temperature of 80°C was found to have the highest yield in this study. Meanwhile, SNI 7182: 2015's standards are almost entirely met by the biodiesel produced in general terms.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Abbas, G. H., & Magfirah Ilyas, N. (2021). A Review: Use of Heterogeneous Catalysts in Biodiesel Production. Jurnal Chemica, 22(2), 99–107.
Anggraini, A. R. W., & Anatasia, P. (2011). Pembuatan Biodiesel Dari Minyak Biji Kapuk Randu. 1–6. https://digilib.uns.ac.id/dokumen/detail/20073%0Ahttps://digilib.uns.ac.id/dokumen/download/20073/NDQ1NDg=/Pembuatan-Biodiesel-Dari-Minyak-Biji-Kapuk-Randu-Apri-Rokhmah-Wahananingrum.pdf
Arifah, M., Helianty, S., & Yusnimar. (2016). Katalisis CPO Menjadi Biodiesel dengan Katalis ZnO Sintesis Presipitan NaOH. Jom FTEKNIK, 3(1), 1–8.
Asri, N. P., Prasetiyo, W. D., Kafidhu, A., Atiqoh, A., Puspitasari, E. A., Hindarso, H., & Suprapto, S. (2020). Transesterification of kapok seed oil (ceiba pentandra) using heterogeneous catalyst bimetallic oxide of zinc and copper supported by γ-alumina. Materials Science Forum, 988 MSF, 87–94. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.988.87
Asri, N. P., Saraswati, R., Yogasuara, R. R., Puspitasari, D. A., Mirzayanti, Y. W., Udyani, K., & Suprapto. (2021). Functionalization of Multiwall Carbon Nano-Tube Supported Zinc Oxide Solid Acid Catalyst Using Sulfonate Compound for Transesterification of Schleichera Oleosa L Oil. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2117(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2117/1/012038
Asri, N. P., Saraswati, R., Yogaswara, R. R., Restyani, N. E., & Suprapto, S. (2022). Converting of kesambi ( Schleichera oleosa l.) oil into biodiesel using ZnO-based solid acid catalyst. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1034(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1034/1/012054
Asri, N. P., Yuniati, Y., Hindarso, H., Hidayat, N., Siswa, I., Puspitasari, D. A., & Suprapto, S. (2020). Transesterification of kesambi oil (Schleichera oleosa l.) using nano ZnO-CuO/γ-alumina solid catalyst. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 460(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/460/1/012033
Asri, N. P., Yuniati, Y., Hindarso, H., Suprapto, & Yogaswara, R. R. (2020). Biodiesel production from Kesambi (Schleichera oleosa) oil using multi-walled carbon nanotubes supported zinc oxide as a solid acid catalyst. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 456(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/456/1/012003
Ditjenbun. (2015). Statistik Perkebunan Indonesia 2014-2016: Kelapa sawit. Direktorat Jenderal Perkebunan, December 2015, 79. http://ditjenbun.pertanian.go.id/tinymcpuk/gambar/file/statistik/2016/SAWIT 2014-2016.pdf
Erliyanti, N. K., Sari, A. K., Chumaidi, A., Yogaswara, R. R., & Saputro, E. A. (2021). TRANSESTERIFICATION OF BIODIESEL FROM KAPOK SEED OIL (Ceiba pentandra). Konversi, 10(2). https://doi.org/10.20527/k.v10i2.11247
Ge, J. C., Yoon, S. K., & Choi, N. J. (2018). Application of Fly Ash as an adsorbent for removal of air and water pollutants. Applied Sciences (Switzerland), 8(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/app8071116
Ghina Afrilia, C. (2019). Studi proses sintesis serbuk nano ZnO beserta karakterisasi. Jurnal Ilmu Dan Inovasi Fisika, 3(2), 105–113. https://doi.org/10.24198/jiif.v3i2.23063
Ika Amalia Kartika, Fathiyah, S., & Yohanes Aris Purwanto. (2014). Pemurnian Minyak Nyamplung Dan Aplikasinya Sebagai Bahan Bakar Nabati Refining of Calophyllum Oil and Its Application As Biofuel. Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian, 20(2), 122–129.
Irawan, C., Awalia, T. N., & W.P.H, S. U. (2013). Pengurangan Kadar Asam Lemak Bebas (Free Fatty Acid) Dan Warna Dari Minyak Goreng Bekas Dengan Proses Adsorpsi Menggunakan Campuran Serabut Kelapa Dan Sekam Padi. Konversi, 2(2), 28. https://doi.org/10.20527/k.v2i2.82
Irawan, D., Arifin, Z., Fitriyana, Olivia, C., & Nopal, M. (2019). Pengaruh Rasio Metanol dan KOH pada Proses Pembuatan Biodiesel dengan Metode Elektrolisis Menggunakan Elketroda Perak. Jurnal ITN Malang, 10(5), 268–272.
Islam, A., & Ravindra, P. (2016). Biodiesel production with green technologies. In Biodiesel Production With Green Technologies. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45273-9
Khairul, A., Bahri, S., Jurusan Teknik Kimia, M., & Jurusan Teknik Kimia, D. (2018). Pengaruh Berat Katalis La/ZnO dan Waktu Reaksi terhadap Pembuatan Biodiesel dari Crude Palm Oil. Jom FTEKNIK, 5.
Kumar, V., & Kant, P. (2014). Biodiesel production from sorghum oil by transesterification using zinc oxide as catalyst. Petroleum and Coal, 56(1), 35–40.
Kurniawan, D., Siswoyo, P., & Asr, N. P. (2022). OKSIDA UNTUK PEMBUATAN BIODIESEL DARI MINYAK BIJI KAPUK ( Ceiba pentandra ). Technopex, 3(2), 420–426.
Lestari, L. P., Meriatna, M., & Suryati, S. (2022). Pengaruh Suhu dan Waktu Reaksi Transesterifikasi Minyak Jarak Kepyar (Castor Oil) terhadap Metil Ester dengan Menggunakan Katalis Abu Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit. Jurnal Teknologi Kimia Unimal, 11(2), 241. https://doi.org/10.29103/jtku.v11i2.9464
Lestari, P. P. (2018). PENGARUH NANOKATALIS ZnO / CaO TERHADAP. Jurnal Kimia Saintek Dan Pendidikan, II(1), 1–8.
Mayalibit, A. P., Sarungallo, Z. L., & Paiki, S. N. (2020). Pengaruh Proses Degumming Menggunakan Asam Sitrat Terhadap Kualitas Minyak Buah Merah (Pandanus conoideus Lamk). Agritechnology, 2(1), 23. https://doi.org/10.51310/agritechnology.v2i1.25
Mofijur, M., Siddiki, S. Y. A., Shuvho, M. B. A., Djavanroodi, F., Fattah, I. M. R., Ong, H. C., Chowdhury, M. A., & Mahlia, T. M. I. (2021). Effect of nanocatalysts on the transesterification reaction of first, second and third generation biodiesel sources- A mini-review. Chemosphere, 270(October). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128642
Purnama, S., H Tambunan, A., & Eko Nugroho, L. P. (2016). Application of Static Mixer Towards the Reduction of Required Catalyst in Biodiesel Production. Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian, 26(3), 236–245. https://doi.org/10.24961/j.tek.ind.pert.2016.26.3.236
Putri, D. O., Mardawati, E., Putri, S. H., & Frank, D. (2019). Comparison of the CPO (Crude Palm Oil) Degumming Method on the Characteristics of the Lecithin Produced. Jurnal Industri Pertanian, 1(3), 88–94.
Rode, C. V., Mane, R. B., Potdar, A. S., Patil, P. B., Niphadkar, P. S., & Joshi, P. N. (2012). Copper modified waste fly ash as a promising catalyst for glycerol hydrogenolysis. Catalysis Today, 190(1), 31–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2011.11.038
Sari, R. N., Saridewi, N., & Shofwatunnisa, S. (2017). Biosynthesis and Characterization of ZnO Nanoparticles with Extract of Green Seaweed Caulerpa sp. Jurnal Perikanan Universitas Gadjah Mada, 19(1), 17. https://doi.org/10.22146/jfs.24488
Sinaga, S. V., Haryanto, A., & Triyono, S. (2014). Pengaruh Suhu Dan Waktu Reaksi Pada Pembuatan Biodiesel Dari Minyak Jelantah [Effects of Temperature and Reaction Time on the Biodiesel Production Using Waste Cooking Oil]. Jurnal Teknik Pertanian Lampung, 3(1), 27–34. http://www.youtube.com
Suandi, D. A. P., Suaniti, N. M., & Putra, A. A. B. (2017). Analisis Bilangan Peroksida Minyak Sawit Hasil Gorengan Tempe Pada Berbagai Waktu Pemanasan Dengan Titrasi Iodometri. Jurnal Kimia, 1, 69–74. https://doi.org/10.24843/jchem.2017.v11.i01.p11
USDA. (2022). Biofuels Annual Indonesia. Unites States Department of Agriculture Foreign Agriculture Service, May, 24. https://www.fas.usda.gov/data/malaysia-biofuels-annual-3
DOI: https://doi.org/10.31284/j.iptek.2023.v27i2.5273
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.